Grand Jury Indictment

Grand Jury vs. Trial Jury

Two Distinct Roles in the Criminal Justice System

Grand Jury

* A grand jury is a group of citizens who decide whether there is enough evidence to indict (charge) a person with a crime. * It is typically larger than a trial jury (usually 12-23 members). * An indictment by a grand jury is the formal document that initiates criminal charges. * Unlike a trial jury, a grand jury can issue an indictment with a simple majority vote.

Trial Jury

* A trial jury is a group of citizens who determine whether a person is guilty or not guilty of a crime. * It is typically composed of 12 members. * A unanimous verdict is required in order to convict or acquit.

Key Differences

* The primary difference between a grand jury and a trial jury is their respective roles. * A grand jury determines whether there is enough evidence to charge a person with a crime, while a trial jury determines the person's guilt or innocence. * Additionally, a grand jury can indict with a simple majority, while a trial jury requires a unanimous verdict.

Conclusion

The grand jury and trial jury play distinct but vital roles in the criminal justice system. By carefully examining evidence and determining whether sufficient grounds exist for criminal charges, the grand jury ensures that only credible cases proceed to trial. The trial jury then undertakes the weighty responsibility of determining guilt or innocence, upholding the principle of due process and protecting the rights of individuals accused of crimes.